Which of the following is the correct expression indicating success on an exam?

Using "I did well" is the proper expression for indicating success on an exam because "well" functions as an adverb describing how the action was performed. In standard English, when you want to convey that you performed successfully or adeptly, the adverb "well" conveys that meaning effectively.

The phrases "I did real good" and "I did quite good" use "good," which is an adjective. Adjectives describe nouns, not actions, and their usage as such in this context is grammatically incorrect. The phrase "No change" does not apply here since the original statements are not correct expressions. By selecting "I did well," you are using clear and grammatically accurate language to describe your performance.